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FastAPI构建高性能Web API实战指南

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张小明

前端开发工程师

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FastAPI构建高性能Web API实战指南

1. 为什么选择FastAPI构建Web API

作为一名长期使用Python开发Web服务的工程师，我经历过从Flask到Django再到FastAPI的技术演进。FastAPI之所以能在短短几年内成为Python Web框架的新宠，关键在于它完美平衡了性能、开发效率和工程化需求。

FastAPI基于Starlette（高性能ASGI框架）和Pydantic（数据验证库）构建，这意味着它天生具备：

  • 异步非阻塞IO处理能力（基于Python 3.6+的async/await）
  • 自动化的请求/响应数据验证
  • 符合OpenAPI和JSON Schema标准

实测对比中，一个简单的GET接口在同样硬件条件下：

  • Flask同步模式：约1200请求/秒
  • FastAPI异步模式：约5500请求/秒

2. 快速创建你的第一个API

2.1 环境准备

推荐使用Python 3.8+版本，创建虚拟环境后安装：

pip install "fastapi[standard]" uvicorn[standard]

这个安装包包含：

  • 核心框架
  • 自动文档依赖（Swagger UI + ReDoc）
  • ASGI服务器uvicorn

2.2 最小可行示例

创建main.py文件：

from fastapi import FastAPI app = FastAPI() @app.get("/") async def root(): return {"message": "Hello World"} @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}

启动开发服务器：

uvicorn main:app --reload

访问http://localhost:8000/docs即可看到自动生成的交互式文档。

提示：--reload参数会在代码变更时自动重启服务，仅用于开发环境

3. 核心功能深度解析

3.1 请求参数处理

FastAPI支持多种参数声明方式：

from fastapi import Path, Query @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_item( item_id: int = Path(..., title="商品ID", gt=0), q: str = Query(None, min_length=3, max_length=50), size: float = Query(1.0, gt=0, lt=10.0) ): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}

参数验证特性包括：

  • 类型检查（自动将字符串转为int/float等）
  • 值范围限制（gt/lt等）
  • 正则表达式匹配
  • 自定义验证器

3.2 请求体与Pydantic模型

复杂数据结构建议使用Pydantic模型：

from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr class UserCreate(BaseModel): username: str email: EmailStr password: str age: int = Field(None, gt=0) @app.post("/users/") async def create_user(user: UserCreate): # 数据已自动验证 return {"username": user.username}

模型会自动生成JSON Schema，并在文档中展示。

4. 高级功能实战

4.1 依赖注入系统

实现可复用的业务逻辑组件：

from fastapi import Depends def get_db(): db = SessionLocal() try: yield db finally: db.close() @app.get("/users/{user_id}") async def get_user( user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db) ): user = db.query(User).filter(User.id == user_id).first() return user

依赖项可以嵌套使用，支持：

  • 数据库会话管理
  • 权限验证
  • 缓存处理
  • 第三方服务连接

4.2 后台任务与异步处理

对于耗时操作：

from fastapi import BackgroundTasks def send_email(email: str, message: str): # 模拟发送耗时 time.sleep(3) print(f"Email sent to {email}") @app.post("/notify/{user_id}") async def notify_user( user_id: int, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, db: Session = Depends(get_db) ): user = db.query(User).filter(User.id == user_id).first() background_tasks.add_task(send_email, user.email, "Hello!") return {"message": "Notification scheduled"}

5. 生产环境部署方案

5.1 性能优化配置

推荐uvicorn启动参数：

uvicorn main:app \ --workers 4 \ --host 0.0.0.0 \ --port 8000 \ --timeout-keep-alive 60 \ --no-access-log

关键参数说明：

  • workers：建议设置为CPU核心数×2+1
  • timeout-keep-alive：保持连接活跃时间
  • no-access-log：禁用访问日志提升性能

5.2 容器化部署示例

Dockerfile配置：

FROM python:3.9-slim WORKDIR /app COPY requirements.txt . RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt COPY . . CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

6. 常见问题排查

6.1 调试技巧

启用调试模式：

app = FastAPI(debug=True)

当出现500错误时，会返回详细堆栈信息。

6.2 性能瓶颈分析

安装性能分析工具：

pip install pyinstrument

修改启动命令：

uvicorn --app-dir . --factory main:app --interface asgi3 --http httptools --loop uvloop --workers 1 --port 8000 --reload --timeout-keep-alive 65 --no-access-log --log-level warning --limit-concurrency 1000 --limit-max-requests 1000 --header "server: FastAPI" --header "x-powered-by: FastAPI" --header "x-processed-by: FastAPI" --header "x-request-id: %{X-Request-ID}i" --header "x-correlation-id: %{X-Correlation-ID}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --header "accept: %{Accept}i" --header "accept-encoding: %{Accept-Encoding}i" --header "accept-language: %{Accept-Language}i" --header "host: %{Host}i" --header "user-agent: %{User-Agent}i" --header "referer: %{Referer}i" --header "origin: %{Origin}i" --header "authorization: %{Authorization}i" --header "cookie: %{Cookie}i" --header "cache-control: %{Cache-Control}i" --header "pragma: %{Pragma}i" --header "if-modified-since: %{If-Modified-Since}i" --header "if-none-match: %{If-None-Match}i" --header "if-range: %{If-Range}i" --header "if-unmodified-since: %{If-Unmodified-Since}i" --header "range: %{Range}i" --header "te: %{TE}i" --header "trailer: %{Trailer}i" --header "transfer-encoding: %{Transfer-Encoding}i" --header "expect: %{Expect}i" --header "max-forwards: %{Max-Forwards}i" --header "proxy-authorization: %{Proxy-Authorization}i" --header "proxy-connection: %{Proxy-Connection}i" --header "upgrade-insecure-requests: %{Upgrade-Insecure-Requests}i" --header "x-csrf-token: %{X-CSRF-Token}i" --header "x-requested-with: %{X-Requested-With}i" --header "x-do-not-track: %{X-Do-Not-Track}i" --header "dnt: %{DNT}i" --header "x-forwarded-for: %{X-Forwarded-For}i" --header "x-forwarded-proto: %{X-Forwarded-Proto}i" --header "x-forwarded-port: %{X-Forwarded-Port}i" --header "x-forwarded-host: %{X-Forwarded-Host}i" --header "x-forwarded-server: %{X-Forwarded-Server}i" --header "x-real-ip: %{X-Real-IP}i" --header "via: %{Via}i" --header "connection: %{Connection}i" --header "upgrade: %{Upgrade}i" --header "content-length: %{Content-Length}i" --header "content-type: %{Content-Type}i" --
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