此文基于这项规则:汉语拼音字母标调规则
Bianfchheng (Err) Shenv Conwen
Chatdonrs difang pnglshui yfshan zhucxchheng, jnn shan yimian, chhengqqang yanxran ru yi tio changshed, yuanlj shan ppa qu. Lin shui yimian zezai chhengwai hedbianf lliuchu yyudi shes maatou, wanpbok xioxio pengkchuand. Chuand xaxng shh yunn tonlyout, qngmyanlx, raanse d wubeigzi. Shangxng ze yunn mienhuap, mienshap, yjik buspii, zahog tong haaiweis. Guannchuann gezge maatou you yi tio hedjef, renja ffangzi do yiban zholug, yiban zai shui, ynwei yyudi youxans, naxe ffangzi mocbu shesyou diorjiaolou. Hedzhon zhangj l chunshui, dao shuijiao zhhujans jn jef hou, hedjef shang renja, biann gez yon changchang d tifzi, yiduanm dam zai zic jawf yankfkou, yiduanm dam zai chhengqqang shang, renren zhengb maz z raang z, daii l baopfutb, pumgaii, miigangp, con tifzi shang jn chhengli qu, dengdaig shui tuii shh, fang youucon chheng mmenkou chuchheng. Mou yi nian shui ro laidep tebie meeng yixe, yanthed diorjiaolou, bisyou yichug liangchuu wwei dashui chonb qu, daja jep zai chheng shangtou daimwangg, shouu sunshm d ye tongyang daimwangg z, duiyu so shouu d sunshm fanngfulf whua kesho, yux zai zicran anppai xa, yanjan qqita wke wanjjiuu d buxngr laishh xangbsis. Zhangjshui shh zai chhengshang hai ke wangg z zhouzran zhaankuan d hedmian, liushui haoz-haoz dangzdangz, ssuitong shanshui con shangliu fudchen erl lai d you ffangzi, niu, yangl, dashus. Yush zai shuishzr jau huuan chug, shuicguan dunxchuand qanmian, biann chhangchhang youren jaz l xio shanbxbanj, yijan hedxn fudchen erl lai d s yi pii shengfchus, yi duann xiomur huo yi zhm kon chuand, chuandshang you yi g fucmren huo yi g xiohhai kubhaan d shengbyin, biann jidjid d ba chuand jangj qu, zai xayoud yixe yyng z l nage mudigwg, ba tap yon changshheng xir dng, zaii xiang anrbianf jangj qu. Zhexe chenglshl yoongaan d ren, ye ai lic, ye zhangczyr, tong yibanm dangdiren xangbsis. Bujuf jiuuren jiuuwg, que tongyang zai yizhoon yulkuai mauxanj xngwwei zhon, zuodep shkfen minjjie yoongaan, shiren jan jik bunengbu wei zhp heccaix.
Na tio hedshui biannsh lirshv shang zhmmng d Youx Shui, xin mmngzis jaozo Bai Hed. Bai Hed xayoud dao Chenlzhoum yux Yuands Shui huiiliu hou, biann luexanv huntzhho, you chushan quandshui d ycsi. Ro suzzliu erlshang, ze san zhangg wu zhangg d shenftand ke qngfchec jandii. Shenftand zhon wwei bairi so yngzzhau, heddii xioxio bai shhizii, you huapwenl d mavnaox shhizii, quan kandep mngmng baibai. Shuizhon youdyud laiqu, quan ru fudzai konqiz li, liang-anr do gaoshan, shanzhon do key zauzhq d xis zhul, changnian zo shenf cui yanlse, bibren yanmu. Jnnshui renja do zai taol xngs huap li, chuntian shh zhixup zhuzyc, fantyou taolhuap chug bisyou renja, fantyou renja chug bis ke gubd jiuj. Xiatian ze shailiangs zai riguang xa yaocmu d zivhuapbus ypkuc, key zowwei renja sozai d qitzhcq. Qioudongf lai shh, Youx Shui zhonyoud ru Wangcuen, Char, Baojngss, Liyeb h xuudo wmmng shancuen, renja ffangwf zai xxuanyak shang d, bnb shui d, wbu laangran ruzmu. Huangnni d qqang, wmhi d waa, weigzhss que yongyuaan name tootieb, qe yux sirzhou hhuanjngg jjiqqi ttiohe, shiren yyngmian ddedao d ynnxangg, shlzai feichhang yulkuai. Yi g duiyu shpsgeb, ttuhuac shaofyou xngcweis d luivkes, zai zhe xiohed zhon, quantjfulm yu yi zhm xio chuand shang, zo sanshk tian d luivxng, bis bu zhgyu gandao yansffan. Zheng ynwei chugchug royou qiljir key faxan, ren d llaodon d chenggoo, zicran d dadaan chug yux jngmqiio chug, w yidi w yishh bu shiren shendwaang qngbxn.
Bai Hed d yuandliu, con Sirchuanp bianfjngg erl lai, con Bai Hed shangxng d xiochuand, chunshui fa shh key zhhdda Chuanp shuu d Xoushan. Dan shuuyu Hutnnan jnggjie d, Chatdonrs suansh zuihou yi g shui maatou. Zhe tio hedshui d hedmian, zai Chatdonrs shh sui kuan yuem ban li, dang qioudongf zhpjirb shuilo shh, hedchhuang liushui chug hai budao errshk zhangg, qqiyyu zhish yi tanf qngmshhi. Xiochuand dao ci hou, jig wcon shangxng, ynci fantsh Chuanpdong d jn chukou hogwg, deei con zhe difang loshui qi-anr. Chukou hogwg jusm yyou jiaofup yon sangmmur bianqdanb yazai janpbobg shang tiao tait erl lai, ruzkou hogwg ye mocbu con zhe difang cheng shug cheng dancb d yon renliz banb qu.
Zhe difang chhengzhon zhi zhurtzha yi yngk yyou ximpnian lustyngk ttunding gaaibianm erlcheng d shussbing, jik wubaai ja zooyoug d zhurhus. (Zhexe zhurhus zhon, chhule yibugfen yonbyou yixe shantien tong youtfangf, huo fanggzhangcs ttun yout, ttun mii, ttun mienshap d xio zimbenja wai, qqiyyu doshur s dangnian ttunshuss lai ci you junjilh d renja.) difang hai youge lidjin jju, bannshs jiguan zai chhengwai hedjef xamian xio miau li, jngchhang gua z yimian changchang d fanbf xnr. Jjuzhaang ze changzhur chhengzhon. Yi yngk bingshc zhurtzha lao canjiang yalmmen, chhule haubing meijtian shangchheng chuihau wwan, shiren zhdau zheli hai zhurtyou junduii ywai, qqiyyu bingshc fanngfulf bng bu cunzai. Dongftian d bairi li, dao chhengli qu, biann zhijan gezchug renja mmenqan gez liangsshai you ypfu tong qngmcaii; honshuxb do daii tengl xxuangua zai wfyankf xa; yon zonmyp zocheng d koudair, zhuang manle lisszi, zhenmszi h qqita yngrkekgoo, ye do xxuangua zai yankfkou xa. Wf jiioyukj gezchug you daxio jibz jao z wwan z. Jianhuo you shhenme nantzi, zhannjur zai zicjiq wfqan mmenxans shang juzgmur, huo yon fuvctou pib shus, pib haode chhaiduim dao channgpngk li qu ru yi zog yi zog baaotaa. Youu huo key jandao jiige zhonnian fucmren, chuan l jangpxij dep jji yngr d lanbus ypshangp, xonmqan gua you baibus kouuhuap weikqqun, gonpj z yaof zai riguang xa yimian shohua yimian zo shs. Yiqie zon yongyuaan name jingjisc, soyou d ren meijge rizi dou zai zhezhoon buke xxngron d danpchhun jiscmosj li gosqu. Yifen anjing zengjab l ren duiyu "renshs" d sisoo liz, zengjab l meng, zai zhe xiochheng zhon shengho d, gezren zicran ye yidng gez zai fen dng yifenn rizi li, hhuai l duiyu renshs aizengb bisran d qimdaig. Dan zhexe ren xang xe shhenme? Shhui zhdau! Zhurzai chhengzhon jaugao chug, mmenqan yi zhan biann key tioowangg dui hed yjik hedzhon d jngxzhc, chuand lai shh, yuaanyuaan d jiucon dui hed tanfshang kan z wshur qanzfup, naxe qanzfup yeyou con xayoud difang, daii l xis dianxn, yangtttang zhp lei, loon-anr shh que nnajn chhengzhon lai huannqien d. Chuand lai shh, xiohhaizi d xangxangg, yngdang zai naxe la chuand ren yifangmian. Daren ne, fum yi kemc xiojibz, yaang liang zhm zhum, top xaxng chuandfup daa fug jin eerhhuan, daii liang zhangg guanpqngmbus, huo yi tank hao jangsyout, yi g shuangliao d meifuh dengfzhaor hhuilai, biann zhann qu l dabugfen zo zhufucm d xn l.
Zhe xiochheng li sui name anjing hepng, dan difang jigwwei Chuanpdong shangmyes jioyz jetouchug, ynci chhengwai xioxio hedjef, qngxxng que butong l yidian. Yeyou shangmren lojiao d kesdians, zorzhenr budon d liifacguuan. Ciwai fanndians, zahogpur, youthang, yanlxzhanr, huapypzhuangf, mocbu gezyou yizhoon diweig, zhuangdian zhe tio xio hedjef. Haiyou maii chuandshang tanlmur hoche zhullanx yux gom guanr purzi, jezshaoo shuishou zhkyes ch maatou fann d renja. Xio fanndians mmenqan chang-ans shang chhangyou janbz dep jiomhuang d lijyud doucfuv, shenshang zhuangshcf l hon lazjiopl sib, wog zai qian kou bombtou li, bomb pang da zhultonx zhon chab z daba zhufhon kuaizzi, bujuf sheige yuanzyc huap dian qien, zhe ren jiukey bangc l mmenqan chang-ans zor xalai, chouchu yishuang kuaizzi nie dao shoushang, nabianf yi g meidmao chee dep jji xis, lianshang cale baifeen d fucmren jiu zou goslai wenn: "dagem, fugyye, yao tianljiuj? Yao shaobjiuj?" nantzi hooyanz gao yidian d, xxiequc d, dui neizhanngguig youdian ycsi d, bis guyc zhuangcheng shengqiz shsxde sho: "ch tianljiuj? Youu bush xiohhaizi, hai wenn ren ch tianljiuj!" name, yansclier d shaobjiuj, con da wengg li yon murluiczi yaojchu, daoo jn tuwanq li, jitkez jiu laidao shenbianf anszhuo shang l. Zhe shaobjiuj zicran s nonk erlqe xangp d, neng zuiidaao yi g hanzi d, soy zhaulis ye buhui do ch. Zahogpur maii meifuh yout jik dian meifuh yout d yangtdengf yux xangpzhud, zhqzhang. Youthang ttun tonlyout. Yanlxzhanr duim Sirchuanp hoojngv chu d qngmyanlx. Huapypzhuangf zeyou bai mienshap, dabus, mienhuap, yjik baoptou d hi zhousschouls chumaii. Maii chuandshang yon wg d, baaiwg llolie, wso bubeii, qejian huoyou zhong dao baai jnf d tiemaok, gemz zai mmenwai lupang, denghouu zhuguz wennjia d. Zhuanp y jezshaoo shuishou wwei shsyes, ch shui maatou fann d, zai hedjef d jazhon, zhonfri dammen bis channgkai z, chhangyou chuan qngm yuqduans maguaa d chuandzhu yux maoshou maojiao d shuishou jnchu, difang xangs chatguuan que bu maiichat, bush yanbguuan youu key chouyanb. Laidao zheli d, sui sho so tan d s chuandshang shengycjng, ran-erl chuandzhm d shangxa, huatchuand laqanz ren dadou youge yidng guijuv, bubis zo shurmus hang d taolun. Tamen laidao zheli dadoshur daoosh zai" llianhuanp". Y "lontou guaanshs" zo zhonxn, tanlun dian bendi shhshs, liang sheeng shangmwc shang qngxxng, yjik xayoud d "xinwwen". Yaom huid, jil kuuan shh dadoshur dou zai cidi; bab toudzi kan dianshur doshao llunzo huishoou shh, ye chhangchhang zai ci juuxng. Zhenzhen chengwwei tamen shengycjng d, you liang jann shs: maimaii chuandzhm, maimaii xikfucm.
Dadufshg ssui l shangmwc fadda erl chansheng d mouzhoon jicbshdzhee, ynwei shangmren d xuyao, shuishou d xuyao, zhe xioxio bianfchheng d hedjef, ye juran you name yiqun ren, juszjil zai yixe you diorjiaolou d renja. Zhezhoon xio fucmren bush con furjnn xangfxa non lai, biannsh ssuitong chuanpjun lai Xangbs liulo hou d fucmren, chuan l jaa yangtchouls d ypfu, ynnhuap biaobus d kuczi, ba meidmao chee dep cheng yitio xisxann, dada d facjicf shang fub l xangpweis jji nonkssu d youtlei, bairi li wshs, jiu zorzai mmenkou xio dengszi shang zuo xetzi, zai xet janb shang yon honlui sibxann tiio xiuz shuangfengz, huo wei qngren shuishou zuo xiuz-huap baoo duc, yimian kan goswaang xngren, xiaomol changri. Huo kauzai linhed chuangkou shang kan shuishou qihog, tng shuishou ppa weilczi changggeb. Daole waanjian, que llunliu d jedaig shangmren tong shuishou, qieqie shlshl jnr yi g jiccnui ynggjnr d yrwc.
Yyouyu bianfdi d fengssu chunkpux, biannsh zo jiccnui, ye yongyuaan name hunthous, yuz bu xangbshhu d zhuguz, zuo shengyc shh deei xian jioqien, shurmu non qngfchux hou, zaii guanmmen sayee. Ren jig xangbshhu hou, qien biann zai keyou kew zhpjian l. Jiccnui do kau Sirchuanp shangmren weilchi shengho, dan enqng so jek, que do zai shuishou fangmian. Ganqng hao d, bielli shh huzxangb yaao z zuuichunt yaao z jngqbotg fa l shsf, yuem haole "fenshou hou gezren buxuu hhunau"; sirshk tian huo wushk tian, zai chuandshang fud z d nayi g, tongzai anrshang duen z d zheyi g, biann gez zai fen shang daim z daafa zhe yiduim rizi, jnr ba zicjiq d xn jnxjnx fuskdng yuaanyuaan d yi g ren. Youlqqi s fucmren, qngg-an zhenzhsq chf dao wke xxngron, nantzi gosle yuemdng shhjian bu hhuilai, zuomeng shh, jiu zon chhangchhang meng chuand loon l anr, na yi g ren yyaoyyao dangzdangz d con chuand tiaubaan daole anrshang, zhh xiang shenbianf paolai. Huo rizhon youle yyxn, ze mengli bis jan nage nantren zai weilc shang xiang lngyi fangmian changggeb, que bu liihui zicjiq. Xinggge ruo yidian-r d, je z jiuzai mengli ttouhed, tun yablpian yanb; xinggge qang yidian-r d, biann shou zhd caiidaom, zhh xiang na shuishou benb qu. Tamen shengho sui name tong yibanm shehui shufyuaan, dansh yanleii yux huanplez, zai yizhoon aizengb ddeshm jian, roudjn l zhexe ren shengming li shh, ye biann tong lngwai yipian tudi lngwai yixe nianqngp shengming xangbsis, quange shenxn wei nadian aizengb so jnctouu, jan hhan zo re, wangsle yiqie. Royou doshao butong chug, bugos s zhexe ren geng zhenqeb yidian, ye jiu geng jnnyu hhutul yidian barle. Duuanqim d baopdng, changqim d jasqux, yi shhjian d guanmmen, zhexe guanyu yi g nuiren shenti shang d jioyz, yyouyu mnqng d chunkpux, shen dang qqi shs d bu jueldep ruhet xaliu kechx, pangguanbzhee ye jiu con buyon dudshuren d guanbniann, jaby zhjzhai yux qngpshz. Zhexe ren jig zhongyr qngplic, youu neng shouvxnr zic yuem, jitbiann s changpjicc, ye chhangchhang jau zhp jang daudel zh xiufchx d chhengshg zhon shenmxshc hai geng ke xnrrenn.
Zhanng shui maatou d mmngjao Shunshun, yi g Qanqngf shh biann zai yngkwvs zhon hunnguo rizi lai d renwg, Xnfhair gedming shh zai zhusmmng d lugjun sirshkjiiu biao zuoge shlp zhaang. Tongyang zuo shlp zhaang d, you yn gedming chengle weeiren mmngren d, you shabtou suirshms d, ta que daii z shaunian xiishs deeilai d jiaofengb tung, hhui daole jaxangf, ba so jimxur d yidian qien, maile yi tio liuu jangj bai murchuand, zum gi yi g qon chuandzhu, dairen zhuanghog zai Chatdonrs yux Chenlzhoum zhpjian laiwaang. Qizyunn hao, liang nian zhp nei chuand bu huaishs, yush ta con so zhuanz d qien shang, youu tao l yi g lueyou chanyes d bailian hifac xio guuafucm. Ynci yilai, shur nian hou, zai zhe tio hed shang, ta jiu youle daxio sir zhm chuand, yi g qipzi, liang g erzi l.
Dan zhege dafang sajto d ren, shsyes sui shkfen shunshou, que yn huanpxii jio peng jek yoou, kangbkaai erl youu neng jizjren zhp jid, biann buneng tong fans yout shangmren yiyang dada fazo qilai. Zicjiq jig zai liangtzi li hunnguo rizi, mngbai chummen ren d ganbkuu, liijee shmyc ren d xnqng, yush fant yn chuandzhm shmshs pochan d chuandja, goslu d tuiiwvs bingshc, youdxue wenmoz ren, daole zhege difang, wwen mmng qiuzhuc d mocbu jnrliz bangzhuc. Yimian con shuishang zhuanz lai qien, yimian jiu zheyang sajto sannqu. Zhe ren suiran jiaoshang youdian xiomaobngg, haineng qiudshui; zoulu nan dde qqi png, wweiren que name gonzheng wsif. Shuimian shang gez shs yuanben jjiqqi janvdanp, yiqie dou wei yi g xxiguans so zhfpei, shei g chuand penggle tou, shei g chuand fangthaii l bie yi ren bie yi zhm chuand d licysl, zhaulis you xxiguans fangfaa lai jeejjue. Weit yunnyon zhezhoon xxiguans guijuv ppaidio yiqie d, bisxup yi g gaonian shuodel d zhonxn renwg. Mou nian qioutian, na yuanlai zhdshs d ren sii qu l, Shunshun zole zheyang yi g daitiszhee. Nashh ta hai zhi wushk suii, wweiren jig mngshs mnglii, zhengzhh hepng, youu bu ai ccai, ynci wren dui ta nianlngt hhuaiyy.
Dao rujnm, tade erzi da d yv shkbaf suii, xiode yv shkliuu suii. Liang g nianqngpren dou jefzshl ru xio gonniu, neng jazchuand, neng qiudshui, neng zou changlu. Fant conxio xangf chhengli chushen d nianqngpren so nenggou zo d shs, tamen wyi buzo, zo qu wyi bujngm. Nianjisf jau zhaang d, xingqng ru tamen bazbaz yiyang, hhaofangg hosxdda, bujuf chhangtau xiojje. Nianyouc d qizzhrx jnnyu nage bailian hifac d muuqn, bu ai shohua, yanmeid que xoubba chuqun, yiwangg jit zh qqi wweiren conbmng erl youu fuscyu ganqng.
Liang xondic jig nian yv zhaangda, bisxup zai gez yizhoon shengho shang lai xunnliann tamen d rengge, zo fucqn d jiu llunliu paiqanq liang g xiohhaizi gezchug luivxng. Xiangxa xngchuand shh, do ssui l zicjiq d chuandzhm chongdang hoqjic, ganbkuu yux ren xangb gung. Dangzjangj shh xuan zui zhong d yi ba, beisqanz shh la tou xanm err xanm, ch d s ganmyud, lazzi, chouu suanmcaii, shuii d s yngr bangbang d cangmbaan. Xiang shangxng con hanrlu zouqu, ze gen l Chuanpdong kes-hog, gos Xoushan, Lontand, Youxyyang zo shengyc, bulun hhanshux yujxuue, bis chuan l caoxet anz zhan ganjlu. Qe peii l duuandaom, yuz buddeyv bisxup donshou, biann huoo d ba daom chouchu, zhandao konkos chug qu, denghouu duimian d yi g, jisx z jiu tong zhege ren yon roubod lai jeejjue. Difang d fengqiz, jigwwei "duifuzz choutddi bisxup yon daom, llianjek pengyoou ye bisxup yon daom", dao xuyao daom shh, tamen ye jiu con burang tap shmqu nadian jihui. Xue maozyz, xue ynggchoul, xuexxi dao yi g xin difang qu shsqyngg gezzhoon shengho, qe xuexxi yon daom baohu shenti tong mmngyusm. Jiauyuc d mudig, sis-hum zai shi liang g hhaizi xuedep zuoren d yoonqiz yux yrqiz. Yifenr jiauyuc d jekgoo, nondep liang g ren jefzshl ru laohuu, que youu heqiz qnren, bu jiomtdog, bu fudhhua, bu yqshzr llingren. Gu fuczii san ren zai Chatdonrs bianfjngg shang, wei ren so ttijik shh, renren dui zhege mmngxngg wbu jaby yizhoon zunjngc.
Zo fucqn d dang liang g erzi hen xio shh, jiu mngbai da erzi yiqie h zicjiq xangbsis, neng chengja ligyes, que shaofshaof jandep niz-ai na dir-err g erzi. Yyouyu zhedian bu zicjuel d sifxn, ta ba zhaangzii quummng Tianbao, cirzii quummng Notson. Ycsi s tian baoyouzz d zai renshs shang huo bumiaan youxe juxyuqc chug, zhgyu not shend so son lai d, zhau dangdi xxiqiz, ren biann buneng shaofjab qngpshz l. Notson meeilisp dep hen, Chatdonrs chuandja ren zhof yu zanyangd zhezhoon meeilisp, zhi zhdau wei ta quuchu yi g hunzmmng jao"Yueg Yun". Sui w shhenme ren qnyan kandao guo Yueg Yun, yibanm d ynnxangg, que con xizttai shang xiosheng chuan bai kuim bai jax d Yueg Yun, ddelai yi g xangbjnn d shendqiz.
边城(二)沈从文
茶峒地方凭水依山筑城,近山一面,城墙俨然如一条长蛇,缘山爬去。临水一面则在城外河边留出余地设码头,湾泊小小篷船。船下行时运桐油、青盐、染色的五倍子。上行则运棉花、棉纱,以及布匹、杂货同海味。贯串各个码头有一条河街,人家房子多一半着陆,一半在水,因为余地有限,那些房子莫不设有吊脚楼。河中涨了春水,到水脚逐渐进街后,河街上人家,便各用长长的梯子,一端搭在自家屋檐口,一端搭在城墙上,人人争骂着嚷着,带了包袱、铺盖、米缸,从梯子上进城里去,等待水退时,方又从城门口出城。某一年水若来得特别猛一些,沿河吊脚楼,必有一处两处为大水冲去,大家皆在城上头呆望,受损失的也同样呆望着,对于所受的损失仿佛无话可说,与在自然安排下,眼见其他无可挽救的不幸来时相似。涨水时在城上还可望着骤然展宽的河面,流水浩浩荡荡,随同山水从上流浮沉而来的有房子、牛、羊、大树。于是在水势较缓处,税关趸船前面,便常常有人驾了小舢舨,一见河心浮沉而来的是一匹牲畜、一段小木或一只空船,船上有一个妇人或一个小孩哭喊的声音,便急急的把船桨去,在下游一些迎着了那个目的物,把它用长绳系定,再向岸边桨去。这些诚实勇敢的人,也爱利,也仗义,同一般当地人相似。不拘救人救物,却同样在一种愉快冒险行为中,做得十分敏捷勇敢,使人见及不能不为之喝彩。
那条河水便是历史上知名的酉水,新名字叫作白河。白河下游到辰州与沅水汇流后,便略显浑浊,有出山泉水的意思。若溯流而上,则三丈五丈的深潭可清澈见底。深潭中为白日所映照,河底小小白石子、有花纹的玛瑙石子,全看得明明白白。水中游鱼来去,全如浮在空气里,两岸多高山,山中多可以造纸的细竹,长年作深翠颜色,逼人眼目。近水人家多在桃杏花里,春天时只须注意,凡有桃花处必有人家,凡有人家处必可沽酒。夏天则晒晾在日光下耀目的紫花布衣裤,可以作为人家所在的旗帜。秋冬来时,酉水中游如王村、岔、保靖、里耶和许多无名山村,人家房屋在悬崖上的、滨水的,无不朗然入目。黄泥的墙,乌黑的瓦,位置却永远那么妥贴,且与四周环境极其调和,使人迎面得到的印象,实在非常愉快。一个对于诗歌、图画稍有兴味的旅客,在这小河中,蜷伏于一只小船上,作三十天的旅行,必不至于感到厌烦。正因为处处若有奇迹可以发现,人的劳动的成果,自然的大胆处与精巧处,无一地无一时不使人神往倾心。
白河的源流,从四川边境而来,从白河上行的小船,春水发时可以直达川属的秀山。但属于湖南境界的,茶峒算是最后一个水码头。这条河水的河面,在茶峒时虽宽约半里,当秋冬之际水落时,河床流水处还不到二十丈,其余只是一滩青石。小船到此后,既无从上行,因此凡是川东的进出口货物,得从这地方落水起岸。出口货物俱由脚夫用桑木扁担压在肩膊上挑抬而来,入口货物也莫不从这地方成束成担的用人力搬去。
这地方城中只驻扎一营由昔年绿营屯丁改编而成的戍兵,及五百家左右的住户。(这些住户中,除了一部分拥有一些山田同油坊,或放账屯油、屯米、屯棉纱的小资本家外,其余多数是当年屯戍来此有军籍的人家。)地方还有个厘金局,办事机关在城外河街下面小庙里,经常挂着一面长长的幡信。局长则长住城中。一营兵士驻扎老参将衙门,除了号兵每天上城吹号玩,使人知道这里还驻有军队以外,其余兵士仿佛并不存在。冬天的白日里,到城里去,便只见各处人家门前各晾晒有衣服同青菜;红薯多带藤悬挂在屋檐下;用棕衣作成的口袋,装满了栗子、榛子和其他硬壳果,也多悬挂在檐口下。屋角隅各处有大小鸡叫着玩着。间或有什么男子,占据在自己屋前门限上锯木,或用斧头劈树,劈好的柴堆到敞坪里去如一座一座宝塔。又或可以见到几个中年妇人,穿了浆洗得极硬的蓝布衣裳,胸前挂有白布扣花围裙,躬着腰在日光下一面说话一面作事。一切总永远那么静寂,所有的人每个日子都在这种不可形容的单纯寂寞里过去。一分安静增加了人对于“人事”的思索力,增加了梦,在这小城中生活的,各人自然也一定各在分定一份日子里,怀了对于人事爱憎必然的期待。但这些人想些什么?谁知道!住在城中较高处,门前一站便可以眺望对河以及河中的景致,船来时,远远的就从对河滩上看着无数纤夫,那些纤夫也有从下游地方,带了细点心、洋糖之类,拢岸时却拿进城中来换钱的。船来时,小孩子的想象,应当在那些拉船人一方面。大人呢,孵一窠小鸡,养两只猪,托下行船夫打副金耳环,带两丈官青布,或一坛好酱油,一个双料的美孚灯罩回来,便占去了大部分作主妇的心了。
这小城里虽那么安静和平,但地方既为川东商业交易接头处,因此城外小小河街,情形却不同了一点。也有商人落脚的客店,坐镇不动的理发馆。此外饭店、杂货铺、油行、盐栈、花衣庄,莫不各有一种地位,装点这条小河街。还有卖船上檀木活车竹缆与锅罐铺子,介绍水手职业吃码头饭的人家。小饭店门前长案上常有煎得焦黄的鲤鱼豆腐,身上装饰了红辣椒丝,卧在浅口钵头里,钵旁大竹筒中插着大把朱红筷子,不拘谁个愿意花点钱,这人就可以傍了门前长案坐下来,抽出一双筷子捏到手上,那边一个眉毛扯得极细、脸上擦了白粉的妇人就走过来问:“大哥,副爷,要甜酒?要烧酒?”男子火焰高一点的,谐趣的,对内掌柜有点意思的,必故意装成生气似的说:“吃甜酒?又不是小孩子,还问人吃甜酒!”那么,酽冽的烧酒,从大瓮里用木滤子舀出,倒进土碗里,即刻就来到身边案桌上了。这烧酒自然是浓而且香的,能醉倒一个汉子的,所以照例也不会多吃。杂货铺卖美孚油及点美孚油的洋灯与香烛、纸张。油行屯桐油。盐栈堆四川火井出的青盐。花衣庄则有白棉纱、大布、棉花,以及包头的黑绉绸出卖。卖船上用物的,百物罗列,无所不备,且间或有重到百斤的铁锚,搁在门外路旁,等候主顾问价的。专以介绍水手为事业,吃水码头饭的,在河街的家中,终日大门必敞开着,常有穿青羽缎马褂的船主与毛手毛脚的水手进出,地方像茶馆却不卖茶,不是烟馆又可以抽烟。来到这里的,虽说所谈的是船上生意经,然而船只的上下,划船拉纤人大都有个一定规矩,不必作数目上的讨论。他们来到这里大多数倒是在“联欢”。以“龙头管事”作中心,谈论点本地时事,两省商务上情形,以及下游的“新闻”。邀会的,集款时大多数都在此地;扒骰子看点数多少轮作会首时,也常常在此举行。真真成为他们生意经的,有两件事:买卖船只,买卖媳妇。
大都市随了商务发达而产生的某种寄食者,因为商人的需要,水手的需要,这小小边城的河街,也居然有那么一群人,聚集在一些有吊脚楼的人家。这种小妇人不是从附近乡下弄来,便是随同川军来湘流落后的妇人,穿了假洋绸的衣服,印花标布的裤子,把眉毛扯得成一条细线,大大的发髻上敷了香味极浓俗的油类,白日里无事,就坐在门口小凳子上做鞋子,在鞋尖上用红绿丝线挑绣双凤,或为情人水手做绣花抱肚,一面看过往行人,消磨长日。或靠在临河窗口上看水手起货,听水手爬桅子唱歌。到了晚间,却轮流的接待商人同水手,切切实实尽一个妓女应尽的义务。
由于边地的风俗淳朴,便是作妓女,也永远那么浑厚,遇不相熟的主顾,做生意时得先交钱,数目弄清楚后,再关门撒野。人既相熟后,钱便在可有可无之间了。妓女多靠四川商人维持生活,但恩情所结,却多在水手方面。感情好的,别离时互相咬着嘴唇咬着颈脖发了誓,约好了“分手后各人不许胡闹”;四十天或五十天,在船上浮着的那一个,同在岸上蹲着的这一个,便各在分上呆着打发这一堆日子,尽把自己的心紧紧缚定远远的一个人。尤其是妇人,情感真挚痴到无可形容,男子过了约定时间不回来,做梦时,就总常常梦船拢了岸,那一个人摇摇荡荡的从船跳板到了岸上,直向身边跑来。或日中有了疑心,则梦里必见那个男人在桅上向另一方面唱歌,却不理会自己。性格弱一点儿的,接着就在梦里投河、吞鸦片烟;性格强一点儿的,便手执菜刀,直向那水手奔去。他们生活虽那么同一般社会疏远,但是眼泪与欢乐,在一种爱憎得失间,揉进了这些人生命里时,也便同另外一片土地另外一些年轻生命相似,全个身心为那点爱憎所浸透,见寒作热,忘了一切。若有多少不同处,不过是这些人更真切一点,也就更近于胡涂一点罢了。短期的包定,长期的嫁娶,一时间的关门,这些关于一个女人身体上的交易,由于民情的淳朴,身当其事的不觉得如何下流可耻,旁观者也就从不用读书人的观念,加以指摘与轻视。这些人既重义轻利,又能守信自约,即便是娼妓,也常常较之讲道德知羞耻的城市中绅士还更可信任。
掌水码头的名叫顺顺,一个前清时便在营伍中混过日子来的人物,辛亥革命时在著名的陆军四十九标做个什长。同样做什长的,有因革命成了伟人名人的,有杀头碎尸的,他却带着少年喜事得来的脚疯痛,回到了家乡,把所积蓄的一点钱,买了一条六桨白木船,租给一个穷船主,代人装货在茶峒与辰州之间来往。气运好,两年之内船不坏事,于是他从所赚的钱上,又讨了一个略有产业的白脸黑发小寡妇。因此一来,数年后,在这条河上,他就有了大小四只船,一个妻子,两个儿子了。
但这个大方洒脱的人,事业虽十分顺手,却因欢喜交朋结友,慷慨而又能济人之急,便不能同贩油商人一样大大发作起来。自己既在粮子里混过日子,明白出门人的甘苦,理解失意人的心情,于是凡因船只失事破产的船家、过路的退伍兵士、游学文墨人,到了这个地方,闻名求助的莫不尽力帮助。一面从水上赚来钱,一面就这样洒脱散去。这人虽然脚上有点小毛病,还能泅水;走路难得其平,为人却那么公正无私。水面上各事原本极其简单,一切都为一个习惯所支配,谁个船碰了头,谁个船妨害了别一人别一只船的利益,照例有习惯方法来解决。唯运用这种习惯规矩排调一切的,必须一个高年硕德的中心人物。某年秋天,那原来执事的人死去了,顺顺作了这样一个代替者。那时他还只五十岁,为人既明事明理,正直和平,又不爱财,因此无人对他年龄怀疑。
到如今,他的儿子大的已十八岁,小的已十六岁。两个年轻人都结实如小公牛,能驾船,能泅水,能走长路。凡从小乡城里出身的年轻人所能够作的事,他们无一不作,作去无一不精。年纪较长的,性情如他们爸爸一样,豪放豁达,不拘常套小节。年幼的气质近于那个白脸黑发的母亲,不爱说话,眼眉却秀拔出群,一望即知其为人聪明而又富于感情。
两兄弟既年已长大,必须在各一种生活上来训练他们的人格,作父亲的就轮流派遣两个小孩子各处旅行。向下行船时,多随了自己的船只充当伙计,甘苦与人相共。荡桨时选最重的一把,背纤时拉头纤二纤,吃的是干鱼、辣子、臭酸菜,睡的是硬帮帮的舱板。向上行从旱路走去,则跟了川东客货,过秀山、龙潭、酉阳作生意,不论寒暑雨雪,必穿了草鞋按站赶路。且佩了短刀,遇不得已必须动手,便霍的把刀抽出,站到空阔处去,等候对面的一个,继着就同这个人用肉搏来解决。地方的风气,既为“对付仇敌必须用刀,联结朋友也必须用刀”,到需要刀时,他们也就从不让它失去那点机会。学贸易,学应酬,学习到一个新地方去适应各种生活,且学习用刀保护身体同名誉。教育的目的,似乎在使两个孩子学得做人的勇气与义气。一分教育的结果,弄得两个人结实如老虎,却又和气亲人,不骄惰,不浮华,不倚势凌人。故父子三人在茶峒边境上,为人所提及时,人人对这个名姓无不加以一种尊敬。
作父亲的当两个儿子很小时,就明白大儿子一切和自己相似,能成家立业,却稍稍见得溺爱那第二个儿子。由于这点不自觉的私心,他把长子取名天保,次子取名傩送。意思是天保佑的在人事上或不免有些龃龉处,至于傩神所送来的,照当地习气,人便不能稍加轻视了。傩送美丽得很,茶峒船家人拙于赞扬这种美丽,只知道为他取出一个诨名叫“岳云”。虽无什么人亲眼看到过岳云,一般的印象,却从戏台上小生穿白盔白甲的岳云,得来一个相近的神气。