在Java中，对List进行分组有多种方法，以下是常见的几种方式：
1. 使用 Stream API (Java 8+ 推荐)
1.1 按属性分组
// 按对象属性分组 List<Person> people = Arrays.asList( new Person("Alice", "IT"), new Person("Bob", "HR"), new Person("Charlie", "IT") ); Map<String, List<Person>> byDept = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getDepartment)); // 复杂分组：按多个条件分组 Map<String, Map<Integer, List<Person>>> byDeptAndAge = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy( Person::getDepartment, Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getAge) ));1.2 分组后处理
// 分组并计数 Map<String, Long> countByDept = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy( Person::getDepartment, Collectors.counting() )); // 分组并求和 Map<String, Integer> sumByDept = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy( Person::getDepartment, Collectors.summingInt(Person::getSalary) )); // 分组后获取最大/最小值 Map<String, Optional<Person>> maxByDept = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy( Person::getDepartment, Collectors.maxBy(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary)) ));2. 使用传统循环
Map<String, List<Person>> byDept = new HashMap<>(); for (Person person : people) { String dept = person.getDepartment(); byDept.computeIfAbsent(dept, k -> new ArrayList<>()) .add(person); }3. 使用第三方库
3.1 Apache Commons Collections
// 添加依赖 // implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-collections4:4.4' MultiValuedMap<String, Person> byDept = new ArrayListValuedHashMap<>(); for (Person person : people) { byDept.put(person.getDepartment(), person); }3.2 Google Guava
// 添加依赖 // implementation 'com.google.guava:guava:31.1-jre' Multimap<String, Person> byDept = ArrayListMultimap.create(); for (Person person : people) { byDept.put(person.getDepartment(), person); } // 或者使用流式方式 ImmutableListMultimap<String, Person> grouped = Multimaps.index( people, Person::getDepartment );4. 完整示例
import java.util.*; import java.util.stream.Collectors; class Person { private String name; private String department; private int age; private int salary; // 构造方法、getter、setter public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> people = Arrays.asList( new Person("Alice", "IT", 25, 5000), new Person("Bob", "HR", 30, 4500), new Person("Charlie", "IT", 28, 5500), new Person("David", "HR", 35, 4800) ); // 1. 按部门分组 Map<String, List<Person>> byDept = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getDepartment)); // 2. 按部门统计平均工资 Map<String, Double> avgSalaryByDept = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy( Person::getDepartment, Collectors.averagingDouble(Person::getSalary) )); // 3. 按年龄段分组 Map<String, List<Person>> byAgeGroup = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(p -> { if (p.getAge() < 30) return "青年"; else if (p.getAge() < 40) return "中年"; else return "资深"; })); } }5. 自定义分组逻辑
// 自定义分组器 Collector<Person, ?, Map<String, List<Person>>> customGrouping = Collector.of( HashMap::new, // 供应者 (map, person) -> { // 累加器 String key = person.getDepartment() + "-" + (person.getAge() / 10 * 10); // 按10岁分段 map.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new ArrayList<>()) .add(person); }, (map1, map2) -> { // 合并器（用于并行流） map2.forEach((key, value) -> map1.merge(key, value, (list1, list2) -> { list1.addAll(list2); return list1; }) ); return map1; } ); Map<String, List<Person>> customGrouped = people.stream() .collect(customGrouping);选择建议：
Java 8+：优先使用
Stream API+Collectors.groupingBy()，代码简洁高效复杂分组：使用多级分组或自定义分组逻辑
并行处理：考虑使用并行流
parallelStream()性能考虑：大数据量时注意选择合适的 Map 实现（如 LinkedHashMap 保持顺序）
这些方法可以根据具体需求灵活选择和使用。
