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深圳电子商务网站有哪些,成都电子网站建设,济宁市松岳建设机械有限公司网站,小学网站源码第一部分#xff1a;Lombok 概述与核心概念 1.1 什么是 Lombok#xff1f; Lombok 是一个 Java 库#xff0c;通过注解的方式自动生成 Java 代码#xff0c;主要目标是减少 Java 代码中的样板代码#xff08;boilerplate code#xff09;#xff0c;提高开发效率和代码…第一部分Lombok 概述与核心概念1.1 什么是 LombokLombok是一个 Java 库通过注解的方式自动生成 Java 代码主要目标是减少 Java 代码中的样板代码boilerplate code提高开发效率和代码的可读性。1.1.1 传统 Java 代码的问题java// 传统 Java Bean public class User { private Long id; private String name; private String email; private int age; // 构造方法 public User() {} public User(Long id, String name, String email, int age) { this.id id; this.name name; this.email email; this.age age; } // Getter 和 Setter 方法 public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name name; } // ... 更多 getter/setter // equals 和 hashCode 方法 Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this o) return true; if (o null || getClass() ! o.getClass()) return false; User user (User) o; return age user.age Objects.equals(id, user.id) Objects.equals(name, user.name) Objects.equals(email, user.email); } Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(id, name, email, age); } // toString 方法 Override public String toString() { return User{ id id , name name \ , email email \ , age age }; } }1.1.2 使用 Lombok 后的代码java// 使用 Lombok 的 Java Bean Data NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor Builder public class User { private Long id; private String name; private String email; private int age; }对比分析传统方式60 行代码Lombok 方式仅需 8 行代码代码量减少约87%1.2 Lombok 的核心价值1.2.1 主要优势减少样板代码自动生成 getter、setter、equals、hashCode、toString 等方法提高开发效率减少重复代码编写时间提高代码可读性类定义更加简洁聚焦业务逻辑降低维护成本自动生成的方法始终保持一致性编译时生成不影响运行时性能1.2.2 工作原理Lombok 使用Java 注解处理器Annotation Processor在编译时修改抽象语法树AST从而生成新的 Java 字节码。这意味着不是运行时反射不影响程序性能编译时完成生成的代码在编译阶段就已经存在IDE 友好配合插件可以在 IDE 中直接使用第二部分Lombok 环境安装与配置2.1 系统要求2.1.1 基本要求Java 版本Java 8 或更高版本构建工具Maven、Gradle 或 AntIDE 支持IntelliJ IDEA、Eclipse、NetBeans、VS Code 等2.1.2 版本兼容性Lombok 版本最低 Java 版本主要特性1.18.xJava 8当前主流稳定版本1.16.xJava 6兼容旧版本Edge 版本Java 11实验性功能2.2 IDE 插件安装2.2.1 IntelliJ IDEA 安装方式一通过插件市场安装推荐打开 IntelliJ IDEA进入File → Settings → Plugins搜索 Lombok点击 Install重启 IDEA方式二手动安装下载 lombok.jar命令行执行java -jar lombok.jar在弹出的窗口中选择 IDEA 安装路径点击 Install / Update重启 IDEA配置 Lombok 注解处理器进入File → Settings → Build, Execution, Deployment → Compiler → Annotation Processors勾选 Enable annotation processing2.2.2 Eclipse 安装方式一使用安装程序bash# 下载 lombok.jar wget https://projectlombok.org/downloads/lombok.jar # 运行安装程序 java -jar lombok.jar方式二手动配置将 lombok.jar 复制到 Eclipse 安装目录编辑eclipse.ini在末尾添加text-javaagent:lombok.jar -Xbootclasspath/a:lombok.jar重启 Eclipse2.2.3 Visual Studio Code 安装打开 VS Code进入扩展市场Extensions搜索 Lombok Annotations Support安装扩展安装 Language Support for Java(TM) by Red Hat2.3 Maven 项目配置2.3.1 基础配置xml!-- pom.xml -- project dependencies !-- Lombok 依赖 -- dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version1.18.30/version !-- 使用最新版本 -- scopeprovided/scope /dependency /dependencies /project2.3.2 完整 Maven 配置示例xml?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8? project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd modelVersion4.0.0/modelVersion groupIdcom.example/groupId artifactIdlombok-demo/artifactId version1.0.0/version properties java.version11/java.version maven.compiler.source${java.version}/maven.compiler.source maven.compiler.target${java.version}/maven.compiler.target lombok.version1.18.30/lombok.version /properties dependencies !-- Lombok -- dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version${lombok.version}/version scopeprovided/scope /dependency !-- 测试依赖 -- dependency groupIdorg.junit.jupiter/groupId artifactIdjunit-jupiter/artifactId version5.9.2/version scopetest/scope /dependency /dependencies build plugins !-- 编译器插件 -- plugin groupIdorg.apache.maven.plugins/groupId artifactIdmaven-compiler-plugin/artifactId version3.11.0/version configuration source${java.version}/source target${java.version}/target annotationProcessorPaths path groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version${lombok.version}/version /path /annotationProcessorPaths /configuration /plugin /plugins /build /project2.3.3 多模块项目配置xml!-- 父模块 pom.xml -- project dependencyManagement dependencies dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version1.18.30/version scopeprovided/scope /dependency /dependencies /dependencyManagement build pluginManagement plugins plugin groupIdorg.apache.maven.plugins/groupId artifactIdmaven-compiler-plugin/artifactId version3.11.0/version configuration annotationProcessorPaths path groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version1.18.30/version /path /annotationProcessorPaths /configuration /plugin /plugins /pluginManagement /build /project !-- 子模块 pom.xml -- project dependencies dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId /dependency /dependencies /project2.4 Gradle 项目配置2.4.1 基础配置gradle// build.gradle plugins { id java } repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { // Lombok 依赖 compileOnly org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30 annotationProcessor org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30 // 测试依赖 testImplementation org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.9.2 testCompileOnly org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30 testAnnotationProcessor org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30 } java { sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11 targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11 }2.4.2 使用 Gradle Kotlin DSLkotlin// build.gradle.kts plugins { java } repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { // Lombok compileOnly(org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30) annotationProcessor(org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30) // 测试 testImplementation(org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.9.2) testCompileOnly(org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30) testAnnotationProcessor(org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30) } java { sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11 targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11 }2.4.3 Gradle 多项目配置gradle// settings.gradle rootProject.name lombok-multimodule include module-core include module-web include module-service // build.gradle (根项目) subprojects { apply plugin: java repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { compileOnly org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30 annotationProcessor org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30 } java { sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11 targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11 } }2.5 验证安装2.5.1 创建测试类java// User.java import lombok.Data; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; Data NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class User { private Long id; private String name; private String email; } // Main.java public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { User user new User(1L, 张三, zhangsanexample.com); System.out.println(User: user); System.out.println(Name: user.getName()); user.setEmail(newemailexample.com); System.out.println(Updated email: user.getEmail()); } }2.5.2 编译和运行bash# Maven mvn clean compile mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClasscom.example.Main # Gradle gradle clean build gradle run2.5.3 检查生成的字节码bash# 查看生成的字节码 javap -c User.class # 或使用反编译工具查看 javap -p User.class第三部分Spring Boot 集成 Lombok3.1 Spring Boot 项目初始化3.1.1 使用 Spring Initializr访问 start.spring.io 或使用 IDE 创建 Spring Boot 项目时选择 Lombok 依赖。Maven 依赖选择xmldependencies !-- Spring Boot Starter -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter/artifactId /dependency !-- Spring Boot Web Starter (可选) -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId /dependency !-- Spring Boot Data JPA (可选) -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-data-jpa/artifactId /dependency !-- Lombok -- dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId optionaltrue/optional /dependency !-- 测试 -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-test/artifactId scopetest/scope /dependency /dependencies3.1.2 完整的 Spring Boot Lombok 配置xml?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8? project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd modelVersion4.0.0/modelVersion !-- Spring Boot 父依赖 -- parent groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-parent/artifactId version3.1.5/version relativePath/ /parent groupIdcom.example/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-lombok-demo/artifactId version0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/version namespring-boot-lombok-demo/name descriptionSpring Boot with Lombok Demo/description properties java.version17/java.version lombok.version1.18.30/lombok.version /properties dependencies !-- Spring Boot Starters -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId /dependency dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-data-jpa/artifactId /dependency !-- 数据库驱动 (示例使用 H2) -- dependency groupIdcom.h2database/groupId artifactIdh2/artifactId scoperuntime/scope /dependency !-- Lombok -- dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version${lombok.version}/version optionaltrue/optional /dependency !-- 验证 -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-validation/artifactId /dependency !-- 测试 -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-test/artifactId scopetest/scope /dependency /dependencies build plugins plugin groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-maven-plugin/artifactId configuration excludes exclude groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId /exclude /excludes /configuration /plugin plugin groupIdorg.apache.maven.plugins/groupId artifactIdmaven-compiler-plugin/artifactId configuration annotationProcessorPaths path groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version${lombok.version}/version /path /annotationProcessorPaths /configuration /plugin /plugins /build /project3.2 Spring Boot 实体类 Lombok 应用3.2.1 JPA 实体类javapackage com.example.demo.entity; import jakarta.persistence.*; import lombok.*; import java.time.LocalDateTime; Entity Table(name users) Data // 生成 getter, setter, equals, hashCode, toString NoArgsConstructor // 生成无参构造器 AllArgsConstructor // 生成全参构造器 Builder // 生成构建器模式 EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class) // JPA 审计 public class User { Id GeneratedValue(strategy GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; Column(nullable false, unique true) private String username; Column(nullable false) private String password; Column(nullable false, unique true) private String email; private String nickname; private Integer age; Enumerated(EnumType.STRING) Column(nullable false) private UserStatus status UserStatus.ACTIVE; CreatedDate Column(nullable false, updatable false) private LocalDateTime createTime; LastModifiedDate Column(nullable false) private LocalDateTime updateTime; // 枚举定义 public enum UserStatus { ACTIVE, INACTIVE, LOCKED } }3.2.2 DTO数据传输对象javapackage com.example.demo.dto; import jakarta.validation.constraints.*; import lombok.*; import java.time.LocalDateTime; Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class UserDTO { Null(groups Create.class) // 创建时自动生成 NotNull(groups Update.class) // 更新时必须提供 private Long id; NotBlank(groups {Create.class, Update.class}) Size(min 3, max 50) private String username; NotBlank(groups Create.class) Size(min 6, max 100) private String password; NotBlank(groups {Create.class, Update.class}) Email private String email; Size(max 50) private String nickname; Min(0) Max(150) private Integer age; private UserStatus status; // 验证分组 public interface Create {} public interface Update {} public enum UserStatus { ACTIVE, INACTIVE, LOCKED } }3.2.3 VO视图对象javapackage com.example.demo.vo; import lombok.*; import java.time.LocalDateTime; Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class UserVO { private Long id; private String username; private String email; private String nickname; private Integer age; private String status; private LocalDateTime createTime; private LocalDateTime updateTime; }3.3 Spring Boot 配置类 Lombok 应用3.3.1 配置属性类javapackage com.example.demo.config; import lombok.*; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.time.Duration; import java.util.List; Component ConfigurationProperties(prefix app) Data NoArgsConstructor public class ApplicationProperties { // 应用信息 private AppInfo info new AppInfo(); // 安全配置 private Security security new Security(); // 缓存配置 private Cache cache new Cache(); // 数据库配置 private Database database new Database(); // 外部服务 private ExternalServices externalServices new ExternalServices(); // 嵌套配置类 Data NoArgsConstructor public static class AppInfo { private String name Demo Application; private String version 1.0.0; private String description; } Data NoArgsConstructor public static class Security { private String secretKey; private Duration tokenExpiration Duration.ofHours(2); private ListString allowedOrigins List.of(*); private boolean enableCsrf true; } Data NoArgsConstructor public static class Cache { private Duration defaultTtl Duration.ofMinutes(30); private String redisHost localhost; private int redisPort 6379; } Data NoArgsConstructor public static class Database { private int connectionTimeout 30000; private int maximumPoolSize 10; private boolean showSql false; } Data NoArgsConstructor public static class ExternalServices { private PaymentService payment new PaymentService(); private NotificationService notification new NotificationService(); Data NoArgsConstructor public static class PaymentService { private String url https://api.payment.example.com; private String apiKey; private int timeout 5000; } Data NoArgsConstructor public static class NotificationService { private String url https://api.notification.example.com; private String apiKey; private boolean enabled true; } } }3.3.2 配置文件yaml# application.yml app: info: name: Spring Boot Lombok Demo version: 2.0.0 description: 演示项目 - Spring Boot 集成 Lombok security: secret-key: my-secret-key-123456 token-expiration: 7200s # 2小时 allowed-origins: - http://localhost:8080 - http://localhost:3000 enable-csrf: true cache: default-ttl: 1800s # 30分钟 redis-host: localhost redis-port: 6379 database: connection-timeout: 30000 maximum-pool-size: 20 show-sql: true external-services: payment: url: https://api.payment.example.com/v1 api-key: ${PAYMENT_API_KEY:default-key} timeout: 10000 notification: url: https://api.notification.example.com/v1 api-key: ${NOTIFICATION_API_KEY:default-key} enabled: true spring: datasource: url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver username: sa password: jpa: hibernate: ddl-auto: update show-sql: true properties: hibernate: format_sql: true h2: console: enabled: true path: /h2-console server: port: 80803.4 Spring Boot 服务层 Lombok 应用3.4.1 Service 接口和实现javapackage com.example.demo.service; import com.example.demo.dto.UserDTO; import com.example.demo.vo.UserVO; import java.util.List; public interface UserService { UserVO createUser(UserDTO userDTO); UserVO updateUser(Long id, UserDTO userDTO); UserVO getUserById(Long id); ListUserVO getAllUsers(int page, int size); void deleteUser(Long id); UserVO changeStatus(Long id, String status); }javapackage com.example.demo.service.impl; import com.example.demo.dto.UserDTO; import com.example.demo.entity.User; import com.example.demo.exception.ResourceNotFoundException; import com.example.demo.mapper.UserMapper; import com.example.demo.repository.UserRepository; import com.example.demo.service.UserService; import com.example.demo.vo.UserVO; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable; import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest; import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import java.util.List; import java.util.stream.Collectors; Service RequiredArgsConstructor // 生成构造器注入 Slf4j // 生成日志对象 Transactional // 事务管理 public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { private final UserRepository userRepository; private final UserMapper userMapper; Override Transactional CacheEvict(value users, allEntries true) public UserVO createUser(UserDTO userDTO) { log.info(Creating user with username: {}, userDTO.getUsername()); // 检查用户名是否已存在 if (userRepository.existsByUsername(userDTO.getUsername())) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(用户名已存在); } // 检查邮箱是否已存在 if (userRepository.existsByEmail(userDTO.getEmail())) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(邮箱已存在); } User user userMapper.toEntity(userDTO); User savedUser userRepository.save(user); log.debug(User created successfully: {}, savedUser.getId()); return userMapper.toVO(savedUser); } Override Transactional CacheEvict(value users, allEntries true) public UserVO updateUser(Long id, UserDTO userDTO) { log.info(Updating user with id: {}, id); User existingUser userRepository.findById(id) .orElseThrow(() - new ResourceNotFoundException(用户不存在)); // 更新用户信息 userMapper.updateEntity(userDTO, existingUser); User updatedUser userRepository.save(existingUser); log.debug(User updated successfully: {}, id); return userMapper.toVO(updatedUser); } Override Transactional(readOnly true) Cacheable(value users, key #id) public UserVO getUserById(Long id) { log.debug(Fetching user by id: {}, id); User user userRepository.findById(id) .orElseThrow(() - new ResourceNotFoundException(用户不存在)); return userMapper.toVO(user); } Override Transactional(readOnly true) Cacheable(value users, key page_ #page _size_ #size) public ListUserVO getAllUsers(int page, int size) { log.debug(Fetching all users - page: {}, size: {}, page, size); PageRequest pageRequest PageRequest.of( page, size, Sort.by(Sort.Direction.DESC, createTime) ); PageUser userPage userRepository.findAll(pageRequest); return userPage.getContent().stream() .map(userMapper::toVO) .collect(Collectors.toList()); } Override Transactional CacheEvict(value users, allEntries true) public void deleteUser(Long id) { log.info(Deleting user with id: {}, id); if (!userRepository.existsById(id)) { throw new ResourceNotFoundException(用户不存在); } userRepository.deleteById(id); log.debug(User deleted successfully: {}, id); } Override Transactional CacheEvict(value users, allEntries true) public UserVO changeStatus(Long id, String status) { log.info(Changing status for user {} to {}, id, status); User user userRepository.findById(id) .orElseThrow(() - new ResourceNotFoundException(用户不存在)); User.UserStatus newStatus; try { newStatus User.UserStatus.valueOf(status.toUpperCase()); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(无效的状态值: status); } user.setStatus(newStatus); User updatedUser userRepository.save(user); return userMapper.toVO(updatedUser); } }3.4.2 异常类javapackage com.example.demo.exception; import lombok.Getter; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; Getter public class ResourceNotFoundException extends RuntimeException { private final String resourceName; private final String fieldName; private final Object fieldValue; public ResourceNotFoundException(String message) { super(message); this.resourceName null; this.fieldName null; this.fieldValue null; } public ResourceNotFoundException(String resourceName, String fieldName, Object fieldValue) { super(String.format(%s not found with %s : %s, resourceName, fieldName, fieldValue)); this.resourceName resourceName; this.fieldName fieldName; this.fieldValue fieldValue; } } Getter public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException { private final String errorCode; private final HttpStatus httpStatus; public BusinessException(String message) { super(message); this.errorCode BUSINESS_ERROR; this.httpStatus HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST; } public BusinessException(String message, String errorCode, HttpStatus httpStatus) { super(message); this.errorCode errorCode; this.httpStatus httpStatus; } }3.5 Spring Boot 控制器层 Lombok 应用3.5.1 REST 控制器javapackage com.example.demo.controller; import com.example.demo.dto.UserDTO; import com.example.demo.service.UserService; import com.example.demo.vo.ApiResponse; import com.example.demo.vo.UserVO; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Parameter; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag; import jakarta.validation.Valid; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.List; RestController RequestMapping(/api/v1/users) RequiredArgsConstructor Slf4j Validated Tag(name 用户管理, description 用户管理相关API) public class UserController { private final UserService userService; PostMapping Operation(summary 创建用户, description 创建一个新用户) public ResponseEntityApiResponseUserVO createUser( Valid RequestBody UserDTO userDTO) { log.info(Received request to create user: {}, userDTO.getUsername()); UserVO userVO userService.createUser(userDTO); ApiResponseUserVO response ApiResponse.UserVObuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.CREATED.value()) .message(用户创建成功) .data(userVO) .build(); return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(response); } GetMapping(/{id}) Operation(summary 获取用户, description 根据ID获取用户信息) public ResponseEntityApiResponseUserVO getUserById( PathVariable Parameter(description 用户ID) Long id) { log.debug(Fetching user with id: {}, id); UserVO userVO userService.getUserById(id); ApiResponseUserVO response ApiResponse.UserVObuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.OK.value()) .message(用户获取成功) .data(userVO) .build(); return ResponseEntity.ok(response); } GetMapping Operation(summary 获取用户列表, description 分页获取用户列表) public ResponseEntityApiResponseListUserVO getAllUsers( RequestParam(defaultValue 0) Parameter(description 页码从0开始) int page, RequestParam(defaultValue 10) Parameter(description 每页大小) int size) { log.debug(Fetching users - page: {}, size: {}, page, size); ListUserVO users userService.getAllUsers(page, size); ApiResponseListUserVO response ApiResponse.ListUserVObuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.OK.value()) .message(用户列表获取成功) .data(users) .build(); return ResponseEntity.ok(response); } PutMapping(/{id}) Operation(summary 更新用户, description 更新用户信息) public ResponseEntityApiResponseUserVO updateUser( PathVariable Long id, Valid RequestBody UserDTO userDTO) { log.info(Updating user with id: {}, id); UserVO userVO userService.updateUser(id, userDTO); ApiResponseUserVO response ApiResponse.UserVObuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.OK.value()) .message(用户更新成功) .data(userVO) .build(); return ResponseEntity.ok(response); } DeleteMapping(/{id}) Operation(summary 删除用户, description 删除指定用户) public ResponseEntityApiResponseVoid deleteUser( PathVariable Long id) { log.info(Deleting user with id: {}, id); userService.deleteUser(id); ApiResponseVoid response ApiResponse.Voidbuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.OK.value()) .message(用户删除成功) .build(); return ResponseEntity.ok(response); } PatchMapping(/{id}/status) Operation(summary 修改用户状态, description 修改用户状态) public ResponseEntityApiResponseUserVO changeStatus( PathVariable Long id, RequestParam String status) { log.info(Changing status for user {} to {}, id, status); UserVO userVO userService.changeStatus(id, status); ApiResponseUserVO response ApiResponse.UserVObuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.OK.value()) .message(用户状态修改成功) .data(userVO) .build(); return ResponseEntity.ok(response); } }3.5.2 API 响应对象javapackage com.example.demo.vo; import lombok.*; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import java.time.LocalDateTime; Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class ApiResponseT { private boolean success; private int code; private String message; private T data; private LocalDateTime timestamp; private String path; private Object metadata; // 成功响应 - 无数据 public static ApiResponseVoid success() { return ApiResponse.Voidbuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.OK.value()) .message(操作成功) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .build(); } // 成功响应 - 有数据 public static T ApiResponseT success(T data) { return ApiResponse.Tbuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.OK.value()) .message(操作成功) .data(data) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .build(); } // 成功响应 - 自定义消息 public static T ApiResponseT success(T data, String message) { return ApiResponse.Tbuilder() .success(true) .code(HttpStatus.OK.value()) .message(message) .data(data) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .build(); } // 错误响应 public static ApiResponseVoid error(String message) { return ApiResponse.Voidbuilder() .success(false) .code(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value()) .message(message) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .build(); } // 错误响应 - 自定义状态码 public static ApiResponseVoid error(int code, String message) { return ApiResponse.Voidbuilder() .success(false) .code(code) .message(message) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .build(); } // 分页响应 Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public static class PageInfo { private int page; private int size; private long totalElements; private int totalPages; private boolean hasNext; private boolean hasPrevious; } }3.6 Spring Boot 配置类3.6.1 全局异常处理javapackage com.example.demo.config; import com.example.demo.exception.BusinessException; import com.example.demo.exception.ResourceNotFoundException; import com.example.demo.vo.ApiResponse; import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import jakarta.validation.ConstraintViolationException; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.validation.FieldError; import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest; import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; Slf4j RestControllerAdvice public class GlobalExceptionHandler { ExceptionHandler(ResourceNotFoundException.class) public ResponseEntityApiResponseVoid handleResourceNotFoundException( ResourceNotFoundException ex, HttpServletRequest request) { log.error(Resource not found: {}, ex.getMessage()); ApiResponseVoid response ApiResponse.Voidbuilder() .success(false) .code(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value()) .message(ex.getMessage()) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .path(request.getRequestURI()) .build(); return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(response); } ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class) public ResponseEntityApiResponseVoid handleBusinessException( BusinessException ex, HttpServletRequest request) { log.error(Business exception: {}, ex.getMessage()); ApiResponseVoid response ApiResponse.Voidbuilder() .success(false) .code(ex.getHttpStatus().value()) .message(ex.getMessage()) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .path(request.getRequestURI()) .build(); return ResponseEntity.status(ex.getHttpStatus()).body(response); } ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class) public ResponseEntityApiResponseMapString, String handleValidationExceptions( MethodArgumentNotValidException ex, HttpServletRequest request) { log.error(Validation error: {}, ex.getMessage()); MapString, String errors new HashMap(); ex.getBindingResult().getAllErrors().forEach((error) - { String fieldName ((FieldError) error).getField(); String errorMessage error.getDefaultMessage(); errors.put(fieldName, errorMessage); }); ApiResponseMapString, String response ApiResponse.MapString, Stringbuilder() .success(false) .code(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value()) .message(参数验证失败) .data(errors) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .path(request.getRequestURI()) .build(); return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(response); } ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class) public ResponseEntityApiResponseMapString, String handleConstraintViolationException( ConstraintViolationException ex, HttpServletRequest request) { log.error(Constraint violation: {}, ex.getMessage()); MapString, String errors new HashMap(); ex.getConstraintViolations().forEach(violation - { String fieldName violation.getPropertyPath().toString(); String errorMessage violation.getMessage(); errors.put(fieldName, errorMessage); }); ApiResponseMapString, String response ApiResponse.MapString, Stringbuilder() .success(false) .code(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value()) .message(参数验证失败) .data(errors) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .path(request.getRequestURI()) .build(); return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(response); } ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) public ResponseEntityApiResponseVoid handleGlobalException( Exception ex, HttpServletRequest request) { log.error(Unexpected error: {}, ex.getMessage(), ex); ApiResponseVoid response ApiResponse.Voidbuilder() .success(false) .code(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value()) .message(服务器内部错误) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .path(request.getRequestURI()) .build(); return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(response); } }3.6.2 Web 配置javapackage com.example.demo.config; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.format.FormatterRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer; Configuration RequiredArgsConstructor public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { private final ApplicationProperties applicationProperties; Override public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { registry.addMapping(/api/**) .allowedOrigins(applicationProperties.getSecurity().getAllowedOrigins().toArray(new String[0])) .allowedMethods(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS) .allowedHeaders(*) .allowCredentials(true) .maxAge(3600); } Override public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) { // 添加自定义格式化器 } Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { // 添加拦截器 } }第四部分Lombok 高级特性详解4.1 构造函数相关注解4.1.1 NoArgsConstructorjavaimport lombok.NoArgsConstructor; NoArgsConstructor public class User { private Long id; private String name; // Lombok 生成 // public User() {} }参数配置javaNoArgsConstructor( access AccessLevel.PROTECTED, // 访问级别 force true // final 字段初始化为默认值 ) public class ImmutableUser { private final Long id; // forcetrue 时初始化为 null private final String name; // forcetrue 时初始化为 null // 生成protected ImmutableUser() {} }4.1.2 AllArgsConstructorjavaimport lombok.AllArgsConstructor; AllArgsConstructor public class User { private Long id; private String name; private String email; // Lombok 生成 // public User(Long id, String name, String email) { // this.id id; // this.name name; // this.email email; // } }参数配置javaAllArgsConstructor( access AccessLevel.PACKAGE, // 包级访问 staticName create // 静态工厂方法 ) public class User { private Long id; private String name; // 生成 // static User create(Long id, String name) { // return new User(id, name); // } // private User(Long id, String name) { ... } }4.1.3 RequiredArgsConstructorjavaimport lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; RequiredArgsConstructor public class UserService { private final UserRepository userRepository; private final EmailService emailService; private String serviceName DefaultService; // Lombok 生成 // public UserService(UserRepository userRepository, EmailService emailService) { // this.userRepository userRepository; // this.emailService emailService; // } }NonNull 配合使用javaimport lombok.NonNull; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; RequiredArgsConstructor public class OrderService { NonNull private final OrderRepository orderRepository; NonNull private final PaymentService paymentService; private final AuditService auditService; // 可选的 // Lombok 生成 // public OrderService(NonNull OrderRepository orderRepository, // NonNull PaymentService paymentService) { // if (orderRepository null) throw new NullPointerException(orderRepository); // if (paymentService null) throw new NullPointerException(paymentService); // this.orderRepository orderRepository; // this.paymentService paymentService; // } }4.2 Getter/Setter 相关注解4.2.1 访问级别控制javaimport lombok.Getter; import lombok.Setter; import lombok.AccessLevel; public class User { // 不同访问级别的 Getter/Setter Getter(AccessLevel.PUBLIC) Setter(AccessLevel.PRIVATE) private Long id; Getter Setter private String name; Getter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) private String email; Setter(AccessLevel.NONE) // 不生成 setter private final String username; // 类级别控制 Getter Setter public static class Address { private String street; private String city; private String zipCode; } }4.2.2 延迟初始化javaimport lombok.Getter; public class CacheService { Getter(lazy true) private final MapString, Object cache initCache(); private MapString, Object initCache() { System.out.println(Initializing cache...); MapString, Object map new HashMap(); // 复杂的初始化逻辑 return map; } // 使用 // CacheService service new CacheService(); // service.getCache(); // 第一次调用时初始化 }4.3 Builder 高级用法4.3.1 基础 Builder 模式javaimport lombok.Builder; import lombok.Singular; import java.util.List; Builder public class Product { private Long id; private String name; private String description; private Double price; Singular private ListString tags; Builder.Default private Integer stock 0; Builder.Default private Boolean active true; } // 使用示例 Product product Product.builder() .id(1L) .name(Laptop) .description(高性能笔记本电脑) .price(5999.99) .tag(电子产品) .tag(电脑) .tag(办公) .stock(100) .build();4.3.2 Builder 在方法级别javaimport lombok.Builder; public class Order { private Long id; private String orderNumber; private ListOrderItem items; Builder(builderMethodName newOrder, buildMethodName create) public static Order createOrder(Long id, String orderNumber, ListOrderItem items) { Order order new Order(); order.id id; order.orderNumber orderNumber; order.items items; return order; } // 使用 // Order order Order.newOrder() // .id(1L) // .orderNumber(ORD-001) // .items(items) // .create(); }4.3.3 SuperBuilder 继承支持javaimport lombok.experimental.SuperBuilder; // 父类 SuperBuilder public abstract class BaseEntity { private Long id; private LocalDateTime createTime; private LocalDateTime updateTime; } // 子类 SuperBuilder public class User extends BaseEntity { private String username; private String email; // 使用 // User user User.builder() // .id(1L) // .createTime(LocalDateTime.now()) // .username(test) // .email(testexample.com) // .build(); }4.4 Value 和 Data 区别4.4.1 Value - 不可变对象javaimport lombok.Value; import lombok.With; import lombok.experimental.NonFinal; Value // 相当于 Getter AllArgsConstructor ToString EqualsAndHashCode public class ImmutableUser { Long id; String username; String email; NonFinal With String nickname; // 可以修改返回新对象 // 生成 // private final Long id; // private final String username; // private final String email; // private String nickname; // // public ImmutableUser(Long id, String username, String email, String nickname) { ... } // public ImmutableUser withNickname(String nickname) { ... } // 只有 getter没有 setter } // 使用 ImmutableUser user new ImmutableUser(1L, user1, emailexample.com, nick); ImmutableUser updated user.withNickname(newNickname); // 返回新对象4.4.2 Data - 可变对象javaimport lombok.Data; Data public class MutableUser { private Long id; private String username; private String email; // 生成 // private Long id; // private String username; // private String email; // // public MutableUser() {} // public MutableUser(Long id, String username, String email) { ... } // getter/setter/equals/hashCode/toString } // 使用 MutableUser user new MutableUser(); user.setId(1L); user.setUsername(user1);4.5 日志注解4.5.1 不同日志框架支持java// SLF4J import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; Slf4j public class UserService { public void createUser(User user) { log.info(Creating user: {}, user.getUsername()); log.debug(User details: {}, user); // ... } } // Log4j2 import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j2; Log4j2 public class OrderService { public void processOrder(Order order) { log.info(Processing order: {}, order.getId()); } } // Jakarta Commons Logging import lombok.extern.java.Log; import lombok.extern.apachecommons.CommonsLog; CommonsLog public class ProductService { public void updateProduct(Product product) { log.info(Updating product: product.getName()); } } // 自定义日志名称 import lombok.CustomLog; CustomLog(topic audit) public class AuditService { public void auditAction(String action) { log.log(Level.INFO, Audit action: action); } }4.6 实验性功能4.6.1 With - 不可变对象的修改javaimport lombok.With; import lombok.Value; import lombok.experimental.NonFinal; Value public class Configuration { String host; int port; With NonFinal boolean sslEnabled; With NonFinal int timeout; } // 使用 Configuration config new Configuration(localhost, 8080, false, 30); Configuration secureConfig config.withSslEnabled(true); Configuration timeoutConfig config.withTimeout(60);4.6.2 Accessors - 链式调用javaimport lombok.Data; import lombok.experimental.Accessors; Data Accessors(chain true, fluent true) public class Product { private Long id; private String name; private Double price; // 生成链式 setter // public Product id(Long id) { this.id id; return this; } // public Product name(String name) { this.name name; return this; } } // 使用 Product product new Product() .id(1L) .name(Laptop) .price(5999.99);4.7 自定义配置4.7.1 lombok.config 配置文件properties# lombok.config # 全局配置 # 添加 Jackson 注解 lombok.addLombokGeneratedAnnotation true # 生成 getter 时不使用 get 前缀 (boolean 类型除外) lombok.accessors.prefix m_ # 生成链式 setter lombok.accessors.chain true # 生成 builder 时使用 setter 方法 lombok.builder.useSetterPrefix true # 日志配置 lombok.log.fieldName LOGGER lombok.log.fieldIsStatic true # 禁止特定注解的警告 lombok.extern.findbugs.addSuppressFBWarnings true4.7.2 目录级配置textproject/ ├── src/ │ ├── main/ │ │ ├── java/ │ │ │ └── com/ │ │ │ └── example/ │ │ │ ├── web/ # web 层配置 │ │ │ │ └── lombok.config │ │ │ ├── service/ # 服务层配置 │ │ │ │ └── lombok.config │ │ │ └── entity/ # 实体层配置 │ │ │ └── lombok.config │ │ └── resources/ │ └── test/ └── lombok.config # 根配置第五部分Lombok 与 Spring Boot 集成最佳实践5.1 项目结构规范5.1.1 分层架构中的 Lombok 使用textsrc/main/java/com/example/demo/ ├── annotation/ # 自定义注解 ├── config/ # 配置类 │ ├── WebConfig.java │ ├── SecurityConfig.java │ └── SwaggerConfig.java ├── controller/ # 控制器层 │ ├── UserController.java │ ├── ProductController.java │ └── OrderController.java ├── service/ # 服务层 │ ├── UserService.java │ ├── impl/ │ │ ├── UserServiceImpl.java │ │ └── OrderServiceImpl.java ├── repository/ # 数据访问层 │ ├── UserRepository.java │ └── OrderRepository.java ├── entity/ # 实体类 │ ├── User.java │ ├── Product.java │ └── Order.java ├── dto/ # 数据传输对象 │ ├── request/ │ │ ├── CreateUserRequest.java │ │ └── UpdateUserRequest.java │ └── response/ │ ├── UserResponse.java │ └── ApiResponse.java ├── mapper/ # 对象映射 │ ├── UserMapper.java │ └── OrderMapper.java ├── exception/ # 异常类 │ ├── BusinessException.java │ └── GlobalExceptionHandler.java └── util/ # 工具类 ├── DateUtil.java └── SecurityUtil.java5.1.2 各层 Lombok 注解规范实体层EntityjavaEntity Table(name users) Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper true) // 如果有父类 ToString(callSuper true) public class User extends BaseEntity { // 字段定义 }DTO 层java// 请求 DTO Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class CreateUserRequest { NotBlank private String username; Email private String email; Size(min 6, max 20) private String password; } // 响应 DTO Value Builder public class UserResponse { Long id; String username; String email; LocalDateTime createTime; }服务层javaService Slf4j RequiredArgsConstructor Transactional(readOnly true) public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { private final UserRepository userRepository; private final UserMapper userMapper; Override Transactional public UserResponse createUser(CreateUserRequest request) { // 业务逻辑 } }5.2 性能优化5.2.1 避免不必要的生成java// 不推荐生成所有方法即使不需要 Data public class SimpleValue { private final String value; // 不需要 setter但 Data 还是会生成 } // 推荐只生成需要的方法 Getter ToString EqualsAndHashCode RequiredArgsConstructor public class SimpleValue { private final String value; }5.2.2 合理使用 EqualsAndHashCodejava// 大型对象避免在 equals/hashCode 中包含所有字段 Entity Data EqualsAndHashCode( callSuper true, of {id, code} // 只包含唯一标识字段 ) public class Order extends BaseEntity { Id GeneratedValue private Long id; private String orderCode; OneToMany(mappedBy order) private ListOrderItem items; // 不包含在 equals/hashCode 中 private String customerName; private String shippingAddress; // ... 其他字段 }5.3 安全注意事项5.3.1 敏感数据保护javaData Entity public class User { Id GeneratedValue private Long id; private String username; ToString.Exclude // toString 中排除密码 JsonProperty(access JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY) // 序列化时排除 private String password; private String email; ToString.Include(name email) // 自定义 toString 中的显示 private String maskedEmail() { return email ! null ? *** email.substring(email.indexOf()) : null; } }5.3.2 防止序列化攻击javaData Entity public class User implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID 1L; Id GeneratedValue private Long id; Setter(AccessLevel.NONE) // 禁止从外部设置 id private String secureField; // 自定义序列化 Serial private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream oos) throws IOException { // 自定义序列化逻辑 } Serial private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { // 自定义反序列化逻辑 } }5.4 测试策略5.4.1 单元测试中的 Lombokjava// 测试实体类 ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) class UserServiceTest { Mock private UserRepository userRepository; Mock private UserMapper userMapper; InjectMocks private UserServiceImpl userService; Test DisplayName(创建用户 - 成功) void createUser_Success() { // 准备测试数据 CreateUserRequest request CreateUserRequest.builder() .username(testuser) .email(testexample.com) .password(password123) .build(); User user User.builder() .id(1L) .username(testuser) .email(testexample.com) .build(); UserResponse expectedResponse UserResponse.builder() .id(1L) .username(testuser) .email(testexample.com) .build(); // Mock 行为 when(userRepository.existsByUsername(anyString())).thenReturn(false); when(userRepository.existsByEmail(anyString())).thenReturn(false); when(userMapper.toEntity(any(CreateUserRequest.class))).thenReturn(user); when(userRepository.save(any(User.class))).thenReturn(user); when(userMapper.toResponse(any(User.class))).thenReturn(expectedResponse); // 执行测试 UserResponse actualResponse userService.createUser(request); // 验证结果 assertThat(actualResponse) .isNotNull() .extracting(UserResponse::getId, UserResponse::getUsername) .containsExactly(1L, testuser); verify(userRepository).save(any(User.class)); } }5.4.2 集成测试javaSpringBootTest AutoConfigureMockMvc TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS) Slf4j class UserControllerIntegrationTest { Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc; Autowired private ObjectMapper objectMapper; Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; BeforeAll void setup() { // 初始化测试数据 User user User.builder() .username(existinguser) .email(existingexample.com) .password(password123) .build(); userRepository.save(user); } AfterAll void cleanup() { userRepository.deleteAll(); } Test DisplayName(创建用户 - 集成测试) void createUser_IntegrationTest() throws Exception { // 准备请求 CreateUserRequest request CreateUserRequest.builder() .username(newuser) .email(newexample.com) .password(newpassword123) .build(); // 执行请求 MvcResult result mockMvc.perform(post(/api/users) .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(request))) .andExpect(status().isCreated()) .andExpect(jsonPath($.success).value(true)) .andExpect(jsonPath($.data.username).value(newuser)) .andReturn(); // 验证日志 log.info(Response: {}, result.getResponse().getContentAsString()); // 验证数据库 OptionalUser savedUser userRepository.findByUsername(newuser); assertThat(savedUser).isPresent(); assertThat(savedUser.get().getEmail()).isEqualTo(newexample.com); } }第六部分常见问题与解决方案6.1 编译问题6.1.1 Cannot find symbol 错误问题描述basherror: cannot find symbol user.setName(test); ^ symbol: method setName(String) location: variable user of type User解决方案检查 IDE 插件是否安装IntelliJ IDEA:File → Settings → Plugins确保 Lombok 插件已启用Eclipse: 检查eclipse.ini中是否有-javaagent:lombok.jar检查注解处理器配置xml!-- Maven 配置 -- build plugins plugin groupIdorg.apache.maven.plugins/groupId artifactIdmaven-compiler-plugin/artifactId configuration annotationProcessorPaths path groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version${lombok.version}/version /path /annotationProcessorPaths /configuration /plugin /plugins /build清理并重新编译bash# Maven mvn clean compile # Gradle gradle clean build6.1.2 与 MapStruct 集成问题问题描述Lombok 和 MapStruct 都是注解处理器可能发生冲突。解决方案Maven 配置xmlbuild plugins plugin groupIdorg.apache.maven.plugins/groupId artifactIdmaven-compiler-plugin/artifactId version3.11.0/version configuration annotationProcessorPaths !-- Lombok 必须在 MapStruct 之前 -- path groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId version${lombok.version}/version /path path groupIdorg.mapstruct/groupId artifactIdmapstruct-processor/artifactId version${mapstruct.version}/version /path /annotationProcessorPaths /configuration /plugin /plugins /buildGradle 配置gradledependencies { compileOnly org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30 annotationProcessor org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.30 implementation org.mapstruct:mapstruct:1.5.5.Final annotationProcessor org.mapstruct:mapstruct-processor:1.5.5.Final } // 确保处理顺序 tasks.withType(JavaCompile) { options.annotationProcessorPath configurations.annotationProcessor }6.2 运行时问题6.2.1 Jackson 序列化问题问题描述使用 Builder 后Jackson 无法反序列化。解决方案java// 添加 Jacksonized 注解Lombok 1.18.14 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonDeserialize; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonPOJOBuilder; import lombok.Builder; import lombok.Value; import lombok.extern.jackson.Jacksonized; Value Builder Jacksonized // 添加 Jackson 支持 public class User { Long id; String username; String email; // 或者手动配置 JsonDeserialize(builder User.UserBuilder.class) public User(Long id, String username, String email) { this.id id; this.username username; this.email email; } JsonPOJOBuilder(withPrefix ) public static class UserBuilder { // Jackson 需要的构建器 } }6.2.2 JPA 延迟加载问题问题描述使用 ToString 可能导致 LazyInitializationException。解决方案javaEntity Data ToString(exclude {orders, roles}) // 排除延迟加载的字段 public class User { Id GeneratedValue private Long id; private String username; OneToMany(mappedBy user, fetch FetchType.LAZY) private ListOrder orders; ManyToMany(fetch FetchType.LAZY) private SetRole roles; }6.3 IDE 问题6.3.1 IntelliJ IDEA 代码提示问题问题代码提示中看不到 Lombok 生成的方法。解决方案启用注解处理File → Settings → Build, Execution, Deployment → Compiler → Annotation Processors勾选 Enable annotation processing重新构建项目Build → Rebuild Project清理缓存File → Invalidate Caches...选择 Invalidate and Restart6.3.2 Eclipse 编译错误问题Eclipse 中显示编译错误但 Maven 编译正常。解决方案更新 lombok.jarbashjava -jar lombok.jar检查项目配置右键项目 →Properties → Java Compiler → Annotation Processing启用 annotation processing更新项目Project → Clean...6.4 性能优化6.4.1 减少生成的字节码大小java// 优化前生成所有方法 Data public class LargeEntity { private String field1; private String field2; // ... 30个字段 } // 优化后只生成需要的方法 Getter Setter EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded true) ToString(onlyExplicitlyIncluded true) public class LargeEntity { EqualsAndHashCode.Include ToString.Include private Long id; private String field1; private String field2; // ... 其他字段 }6.4.2 使用 Builder.Default 优化java// 优化对象创建性能 Builder public class Order { Builder.Default private OrderStatus status OrderStatus.PENDING; Builder.Default private LocalDateTime createTime LocalDateTime.now(); Builder.Default private ListOrderItem items new ArrayList(); }6.5 与其他框架集成6.5.1 与 Spring Boot Validation 集成javaData Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class CreateUserRequest { NotBlank(message 用户名不能为空) Size(min 3, max 20, message 用户名长度必须在3-20之间) private String username; NotBlank(message 邮箱不能为空) Email(message 邮箱格式不正确) private String email; NotBlank(message 密码不能为空) Pattern( regexp ^(?.*[A-Za-z])(?.*\\d)[A-Za-z\\d$!%*#?]{8,}$, message 密码必须包含字母和数字至少8位 ) private String password; AssertTrue(message 必须接受用户协议) private Boolean acceptTerms; }6.5.2 与 Swagger/OpenAPI 集成javaData Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor Schema(description 用户创建请求) public class CreateUserRequest { Schema( description 用户名, example zhangsan, requiredMode Schema.RequiredMode.REQUIRED ) NotBlank private String username; Schema( description 邮箱地址, example zhangsanexample.com, requiredMode Schema.RequiredMode.REQUIRED ) Email private String email; Schema( description 密码, example password123, requiredMode Schema.RequiredMode.REQUIRED, minLength 6, maxLength 20 ) Size(min 6, max 20) private String password; }第七部分Lombok 高级技巧与实战案例7.1 自定义 Lombok 注解7.1.1 创建组合注解java// 自定义注解 - 用于 JPA 实体 Target(ElementType.TYPE) Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor Entity public interface JpaEntity { String tableName() default ; } // 使用自定义注解 JpaEntity(tableName users) public class User { Id GeneratedValue private Long id; private String username; private String email; }7.1.2 使用 Lombok 的扩展机制java// 自定义 Lombok 处理器 MetaInfServices(Processor.class) SupportedAnnotationTypes(com.example.annotation.*) SupportedSourceVersion(SourceVersion.RELEASE_11) public class CustomLombokProcessor extends AbstractProcessor { Override public boolean process(Set? extends TypeElement annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) { // 自定义处理逻辑 return true; } }7.2 性能敏感场景优化7.2.1 高并发环境下的 Lombok 使用java// 使用 Value 创建不可变对象线程安全 Value Builder public class ImmutableConfig { String databaseUrl; String username; String password; int connectionPoolSize; // 静态工厂方法避免反射 public static ImmutableConfig create(String url, String user, String pass, int poolSize) { return ImmutableConfig.builder() .databaseUrl(url) .username(user) .password(pass) .connectionPoolSize(poolSize) .build(); } } // 缓存配置实例避免重复创建 public class ConfigCache { private static final MapString, ImmutableConfig cache new ConcurrentHashMap(); public static ImmutableConfig getConfig(String key) { return cache.computeIfAbsent(key, k - loadConfig(k)); } private static ImmutableConfig loadConfig(String key) { // 从数据库或配置中心加载 return ImmutableConfig.builder() .databaseUrl(jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db) .username(root) .password(password) .connectionPoolSize(10) .build(); } }7.2.2 内存优化java// 使用 Data 时注意 equals/hashCode 的性能 Entity Data EqualsAndHashCode( onlyExplicitlyIncluded true, // 只包含指定的字段 callSuper false ) public class LargeEntity { EqualsAndHashCode.Include Id GeneratedValue private Long id; // 唯一标识参与 equals/hashCode private String field1; private String field2; // ... 很多字段 OneToMany(mappedBy entity) ToString.Exclude EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude private ListDetail details; // 不参与 equals/hashCode // 自定义 toString避免循环引用 Override public String toString() { return String.format(LargeEntity{id%d, field1%s, field2%s}, id, field1, field2); } }7.3 微服务架构中的 Lombok 实践7.3.1 共享 DTO 模块java// shared-dto 模块 // UserDTO.java Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor Schema(description 用户信息) public class UserDTO implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID 1L; Schema(description 用户ID) private Long id; Schema(description 用户名) private String username; Schema(description 邮箱) private String email; Schema(description 创建时间) private LocalDateTime createTime; } // ApiResponse.java Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class ApiResponseT implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID 1L; private boolean success; private String code; private String message; private T data; private LocalDateTime timestamp; public static T ApiResponseT success(T data) { return ApiResponse.Tbuilder() .success(true) .code(SUCCESS) .message(操作成功) .data(data) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .build(); } }7.3.2 Feign Client 集成java// UserServiceClient.java FeignClient(name user-service, path /api/users) public interface UserServiceClient { PostMapping ApiResponseUserDTO createUser(RequestBody CreateUserRequest request); GetMapping(/{id}) ApiResponseUserDTO getUserById(PathVariable Long id); GetMapping ApiResponsePageResultUserDTO getUsers( RequestParam(defaultValue 0) int page, RequestParam(defaultValue 10) int size); } // PageResult.java Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class PageResultT { private ListT content; private int page; private int size; private long totalElements; private int totalPages; private boolean first; private boolean last; }7.4 领域驱动设计DDD中的 Lombok7.4.1 值对象Value Objectjava// 值对象 - 不可变 Value Builder public class Money implements ComparableMoney { BigDecimal amount; Currency currency; public Money add(Money other) { if (!currency.equals(other.currency)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(货币类型不一致); } return Money.builder() .amount(amount.add(other.amount)) .currency(currency) .build(); } public Money subtract(Money other) { if (!currency.equals(other.currency)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(货币类型不一致); } return Money.builder() .amount(amount.subtract(other.amount)) .currency(currency) .build(); } Override public int compareTo(Money other) { if (!currency.equals(other.currency)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(货币类型不一致); } return amount.compareTo(other.amount); } }7.4.2 实体Entityjava// 实体 - 有标识 Entity Table(name orders) Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded true) public class Order { EqualsAndHashCode.Include Id GeneratedValue private Long id; Embedded private OrderNumber orderNumber; // 值对象 Embedded private Money totalAmount; // 值对象 Enumerated(EnumType.STRING) private OrderStatus status; OneToMany(mappedBy order, cascade CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval true) Builder.Default private ListOrderItem items new ArrayList(); // 领域方法 public void addItem(Product product, int quantity) { OrderItem item OrderItem.builder() .order(this) .product(product) .quantity(quantity) .unitPrice(product.getPrice()) .build(); items.add(item); calculateTotal(); } private void calculateTotal() { BigDecimal total items.stream() .map(OrderItem::getSubtotal) .reduce(BigDecimal.ZERO, BigDecimal::add); this.totalAmount Money.builder() .amount(total) .currency(Currency.getInstance(CNY)) .build(); } // 值对象 Embeddable Value Builder public static class OrderNumber { String value; public OrderNumber(String value) { // 验证逻辑 if (value null || !value.matches(ORD-\\d{8}-\\d{6})) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(订单号格式不正确); } this.value value; } } }7.5 响应式编程中的 Lombok7.5.1 WebFlux Lombokjava// 响应式实体 Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public class ReactiveUser { private Long id; private String username; private String email; private LocalDateTime createTime; } // 响应式控制器 RestController RequestMapping(/api/reactive/users) RequiredArgsConstructor Slf4j public class ReactiveUserController { private final ReactiveUserService userService; PostMapping public MonoApiResponseReactiveUser createUser( Valid RequestBody CreateUserRequest request) { return userService.createUser(request) .map(user - ApiResponse.success(user)) .doOnSubscribe(s - log.info(Creating user: {}, request.getUsername())) .doOnSuccess(r - log.info(User created successfully)) .doOnError(e - log.error(Failed to create user, e)); } GetMapping(/{id}) public MonoApiResponseReactiveUser getUserById(PathVariable Long id) { return userService.getUserById(id) .map(ApiResponse::success) .switchIfEmpty(Mono.just(ApiResponse.error(用户不存在))); } GetMapping public FluxReactiveUser getUsers( RequestParam(defaultValue 0) int page, RequestParam(defaultValue 10) int size) { return userService.getUsers(page, size) .doOnNext(user - log.debug(Emitting user: {}, user.getUsername())); } }7.5.2 响应式服务javaService RequiredArgsConstructor Slf4j public class ReactiveUserServiceImpl implements ReactiveUserService { private final ReactiveUserRepository userRepository; private final ReactivePasswordEncoder passwordEncoder; Override public MonoReactiveUser createUser(CreateUserRequest request) { return userRepository.existsByUsername(request.getUsername()) .flatMap(exists - { if (exists) { return Mono.error(new BusinessException(用户名已存在)); } return userRepository.existsByEmail(request.getEmail()); }) .flatMap(exists - { if (exists) { return Mono.error(new BusinessException(邮箱已存在)); } return passwordEncoder.encode(request.getPassword()) .flatMap(encodedPassword - { ReactiveUser user ReactiveUser.builder() .username(request.getUsername()) .email(request.getEmail()) .password(encodedPassword) .createTime(LocalDateTime.now()) .build(); return userRepository.save(user); }); }) .doOnSuccess(user - log.info(User created: {}, user.getUsername())) .doOnError(error - log.error(Failed to create user, error)); } }7.6 监控与日志7.6.1 结构化日志javaService Slf4j RequiredArgsConstructor public class AuditService { Value(${spring.application.name}) private String applicationName; public void auditAction(String action, String userId, Object data) { AuditLog auditLog AuditLog.builder() .application(applicationName) .action(action) .userId(userId) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .data(data) .build(); // 结构化日志 log.info(Audit log: {}, auditLog); // 或者使用 MDC MDC.put(userId, userId); MDC.put(action, action); log.info(User action performed); MDC.clear(); } Data Builder NoArgsConstructor AllArgsConstructor public static class AuditLog { private String application; private String action; private String userId; private LocalDateTime timestamp; private Object data; Override public String toString() { return String.format( AuditLog{application%s, action%s, userId%s, timestamp%s}, application, action, userId, timestamp ); } } }7.6.2 性能监控javaComponent Slf4j RequiredArgsConstructor public class PerformanceMonitor { private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry; Data Builder public static class PerformanceMetrics { private String methodName; private long executionTime; private boolean success; private String errorMessage; private LocalDateTime timestamp; } public T T monitor(String methodName, SupplierT operation) { long startTime System.currentTimeMillis(); boolean success true; String errorMessage null; try { return operation.get(); } catch (Exception e) { success false; errorMessage e.getMessage(); throw e; } finally { long endTime System.currentTimeMillis(); long executionTime endTime - startTime; // 记录指标 meterRegistry.timer(method.execution.time, method, methodName) .record(executionTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); // 记录日志 PerformanceMetrics metrics PerformanceMetrics.builder() .methodName(methodName) .executionTime(executionTime) .success(success) .errorMessage(errorMessage) .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now()) .build(); if (executionTime 1000) { log.warn(Method {} took {} ms, methodName, executionTime); } else { log.debug(Method performance: {}, metrics); } } } }第八部分总结8.1 Lombok 在 Spring Boot 项目中的价值总结8.1.1 主要优势开发效率提升减少 60-80% 的样板代码代码可读性类定义更加简洁聚焦业务逻辑维护成本降低自动生成的方法始终保持一致性错误减少避免手写代码导致的错误团队协作统一代码风格减少争议8.1.2 适用场景实体类JPA 实体、MongoDB 文档等DTO/VO数据传输对象、视图对象配置类Spring Boot 配置属性类服务类业务逻辑服务层工具类各种辅助工具类8.2 最佳实践总结8.2.1 注解选择指南场景推荐注解说明可变实体类Data Builder适合大多数实体类不可变对象Value With适合配置类、值对象服务类Slf4j RequiredArgsConstructor依赖注入和日志工具类UtilityClass静态工具类枚举类AllArgsConstructor Getter枚举定义8.2.2 配置建议IDE 配置必须安装插件启用注解处理构建工具正确配置注解处理器路径版本管理使用稳定版本及时更新团队规范制定统一的 Lombok 使用规范8.3 注意事项不要过度使用只在需要的地方使用 Lombok注意继承关系合理配置 callSuper 参数考虑序列化注意 Jackson 等框架的兼容性性能考量大型对象注意 equals/hashCode 的性能团队共识确保团队成员都熟悉 Lombok8.4 未来展望Lombok 持续发展新的功能不断加入Record 支持Java 14 的 Record 类型更多实验性功能StandardException 等更好的 IDE 集成更智能的代码提示性能优化生成更高效的字节码8.5 学习资源官方文档https://projectlombok.org/GitHub 仓库https://github.com/projectlombok/lombokStack Overflow大量实际问题的解决方案Spring 官方文档Spring Boot 最佳实践